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Sunday, December 01, 2024

Twisted little plots

As preparation for a project, I wanted to look at the behavior of xx on the unit circle. For those not familiar with the unit circle, that's on the complex plane, where a complex number is displayed by its "real" part (along the x-axis) and its "imaginary" part (along the y-axis). Numbers with absolute value = 1 appear on a circle in this plane. Each point on the graph represents a single complex number, not two numbers, though it can be broken down into two numbers.

I start with points x on the unit circle (marked in blue), calculate xx, and connect the dots for the results in green. There are a few red lines to guide the eye showing what points on the unit circle map to points on the new curve.

Now since 1=e2πN where N is an integer, there can be a lot of different results. The simplest case is N=0, of course. In that case 11=1. The point where the curve crosses itself is at (eπ/2,0).

A bit twisted.

If you're curious what happens when N=1 (I was), look at this.

The real curve is smooth; I only used a few points to calculate it which is why it looks jerky. There's a bit of swooping around 0 that doesn't show up at this resolution. To see that, look at the central part. For N=-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, the central part looks like this:

There are things that look like 1 that don't entirely act like 1.

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